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Activator Methods International Ltd.
2950 N. Seventh Street, Suite 200
Phoenix, AZ 85014
ofc 602-224-0220
fax 602-224-0230
toll free 1-800-598-0224
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Title: Movements of vertebrae during manipulative thrusts to unembalmed human cadavers.
Reference: Colloca CJ, Fuhr AW. Movements of vertebrae during manipulative thrusts to unembalmed human cadavers (Letter). J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(2): 128-9. (Re: Gal J, Herzog W, Kawchuk G, Conway PJ, Zhang YT. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 20(1): 30-40)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the relative movements of vertebrae during manipulative thrusts to unembalmed post-rigor mortis human cadavers.
SETTING: The investigation was conducted in the gross anatomy laboratory at the University of Calgary. SUBJECTS: Two 77-yr-old, unembalmed, post-rigor mortis, male cadavers were used. INTERVENTIONS: The movements of vertebrae were investigated by using high-speed cinematography to record the movements of bone pins threaded into T10, T11 and T12 during spinal manipulative therapy to unembalmed post-rigor human cadavers. A single clinician delivered a series of posterior-to-anterior (p-to-a) thrusts to the right transverse process of either - T10, T11 or T12, using a reinforced hypothenar contact. Relative p-to-a and lateral translations, as well as axial and sagittal rotations, in T10-T11 and T11-T12 were calculated. Corresponding p-to-a forces exerted by the clinician onto the cadaver were recorded using a pressure pad.
MAIN RESULTS: Significant relative movements were measured primarily between the targeted and immediately adjacent vertebrae during the thrusts. Vertebral pairs remained slightly 'hyper-extended' after the rapid thrusts to T11, when the p-to-a forces returned to preload levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may be useful for the understanding of the deformation behavior of the vertebral column during therapeutic manipulation. A fully three-dimensional analysis of all six degrees of freedom, using a larger number of unembalmed cadavers, would be useful in clarifying the relationship between the externally applied forces and the observed relative movement patterns of the vertebrae.
Key Words:
Aged; Biomechanics; Bone Nails; Cadaver; Chiropractic; Embalming; Human; Male; Motion Pictures; Movement; Range of Motion, Articular; Rotation; Spine; Time Factors
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